C# language learn online || C sharp programming language

C# Programming Language

What is C#-?

C# is a very simple and powerful "Object Oriented Programming Language" Which is developed by Microsoft. It runs on (.NET) frame work. It is pronounced as "C Sharp".

It is developed by (Anders Hejlsberg).

It is used in UNITY game development in core programming language.

It is commonly used in game development.

In 2002 Microsoft released the first version "C# 2.0" with Visual Studio .NET

The latest version of C# is "9.0" which is released in September 2020.

C# programming was created for software development in the .NET framework to create software.

C# has almost all the features of C, C++, Java programming language.

C# is case sensitive programming language and .CS is the extension of C# file.

Using C# we can create:-

1. Mobile Application

2. Web Application

3. Desktop Application

4. Game

5. Database Application etc...,

C# Syntax:-

using system;

namespace first

{

    class program

    {

    static void Main (String [ ] args)

        {

    console.writeline ("Hello World");

        }

    }

}

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What is Datatype-?

Datatype specifies the different size and value that can be assigned on the variable.

Datatype                                      Size

int                                                4 bytes

char                                             2 bytes

bool                                             1 bit

float                                             4 bytes

double                                         8 bytes

string                                           2 bytes each character

long                                             8 bytes

What is Variable-?

variable refers to the memory location name where we stored values. Variable is an temporary storage.

If the value is 10 and we want to store it in ram, then we type int a=10, because 10 is an integer value and a is the name of address "1000".

To access the value "10" we type int  a =10.

To storage a string value we type string s=shonu, we use variable as name.

Keywords of C# programming language:-

abstract                          event                               namespace                             static

as                                   explicit                            new                                        string

base                               extern                              nul                                          struct

bool                               false                                object                                     switch

break                             finally                             operator                                  this

byte                               fixed                               out                                          throw

case                               float                                override                                  true

catch                             for                                   parrams                                   try

char                              foreach                            private                                     typeof

checked                        goto                                protected                                 unit

class                              if                                    public                                      ulong

const                             implicit                          readonly                                  unchecked

continue                       in                                    ref                                           unsafe

decimal                        int                                   return                                      ushort

default                         interface                         sbyte                                        using

delegate                       internal                          sealed                                       virtual

do                                is                                    short                                         void

double                         lock                                sizeof                                       volatile

else                              long                               stackalloc                                 while

enum                    

Contextual Keywords of C#:-

add

and

alias

ascending

async

await

by

descending

dynamic

equals

from

_____________________________

get

global

group

init

into

join

let

managed (function pointer calling conversion)

nameof

nint

not

_____________________________

notnull

nunit

on

or

orderby

partial (type)

partial (method)

record

remove

select

_____________________________

set

unmanaged (function pointer calling conversion)

unmanaged (generic type constraint)

value

var

when (filter condition)

where (generic type constraint)

where (query clause)

with

yield

Control flow chart:-

1. Conditional Statement:-

if

if else

nested if

else if

switch statement

2. Looping Statement:-

While

Do while

for loop

3. Jumping Statement:-

Break

Continue

Return

✱ if statement:-

if (condition)

{

    || statement;

}

Flow Chart:-

✱ if else statement:-

if (condition)

{

    || true

}

else

{

    || false

}

Flow Chart:-

✱ Nested if statement:-

if (condition)

{

    if (condition)

{

    || statement

}

else

{

    code

}

}

    else

{

    if (condition 3)

        {

            code

        }

        else

        {

            code

        }

}

Flow Chart:-

✱ else if leader statement:-

if (condition)

{

    || statement;

}

else if (condition)

{

    || statement 2;

}

else

{

    || statement 3;

}

Flow Chart:-

✱ Switch Statement:- (It is also called as decision making statement)

{

    case 1: statement 1;

    break;

    case 2: statement 2;

    break;

    default: statement 3;

    break;

}

Flow Chart:-

Looping statement

Looping or repeating a particular code until a condition is met is called looping statement

✱ while loop statement:-

while (condition)

{

    || statement;

    increment/decrement;

}

Flow Chart:-

✱ Do while loop statement:-

do

{

    || statement;

    increment/decrement;

}

while (condition);

Flow Chart:-

✱ For Loop Statement:-

for (initialization; condition; incr/decr)

{

    || statement;

}

Flow Chart:-

What is Operator-?

Operator is a symbol that operates on a value or variable.

It is used to perform logical and mathematical operatons.

Types of Operators:-

1. Arithmetic:- (+,-,*,/,%)

2. Relational:- (<,>,<=,>=)

3. Equality:- (==,!=)

4. Logical:- (!,&&,||,&,|)

5. Assignment:- (=)

6. Increment & Decrement:- (++,--)

7. Ternary Operator:- (?,:)

Array

Array is variable which help us to store multiple elements of the same type.

        

10

20

30

40

50

       0               1              2               3              4            ➡        Index

The base index of array with 0 and ends with n-1

Types of Array:-

1. 1D Array

2. 2D Array -- Also called as (Multi-Dimensional Array)

What is string-?

String is nothing but sequence of many characters which are enclosed by double quotes.

for example:- 

"SHONU" is a string. It is made up a sequence of 5 characters S,H,O,N,U

What is class-?

Class is prototype defined by a user in which we define the properties and behavior of object.

What is object-?

Object is a instance of a class that represent the class and an object is an real entity that has state and behavior.

What is constructor-?

Constructor is a special type of method whose name is same as class name, it is involved automatically at the time of object creation.

Note:- The main purpose of constructor is used to initialize the data member of new object.

Types of Constructors:-

1. Default Constructor

    Syntax:-

class A

{

    A( )

    {

        code

    }

}

2. Parameter Constructor

    Syntax:-

class A

{

    A(int a)

    {

        code

    }

}

What is Encapsulation-?

Encapsulation is a mechanism in which data member and method is wraped in a single unit inside a class so, that the data can't be accessed by the other class

    Syntax:-

class A

    {

        Private data

                +

        Public methods

    }

In programming language some time we have very critical condition on that time we keep our data private. If anyone want to access the data, they will ask to us, then we make our private data to protected data and the only person can access the data who has a permission.

What is inheritance-?

Inheritance allow us to create new classes that reuse, extend and modify the property defined in other classes.

Types of Inheritance:-

1. Single Inheritance

2. Multi-level Inheritance

3. Multiple (through Interface)

4. Hierarchical Inheritance

What is Polymorphism-?

Polymorphism means "many-form", in other word one name with multiple functionalities.

In c# programming language we archieve by the type.

1. Compile Line

                ↳ Overloading

2. Run Time

                ↳ Overriding (Inheritance)